Web Survey Bibliography
The article focuses on the features of rating scales and the interpretation of the question meaning of importance to public opinion surveys. Previous research demonstrated that respondents' interpretation of vague quantifiers depends on the content domain and respondents' previous experiences. In addition, however, respondents may draw on contextual information provided by the questionnaire to disambiguate the meaning of ill-defined terms. The findings of this study support the general proposal that respondents draw on formal features of questionnaire design, such as the numeric values or graphical layout of rating scales, to determine the meaning the researcher has in mind. In doing so, they apply the tacit assumptions that underlie the conduct of conversation in daily life to the survey situation. These assumptions entail that every contribution is relevant to the ongoing conversation, unless marked otherwise. In a research situation, the researcher's contributions include apparently formal features of the questionnaire.
Homepage (Abstract)/ (Full text)
Web survey bibliography - Schwarz, N. (10)
- Processing fluency and judgment: Implications for web survey design; 2008; Schwarz, N.
- Cognitive aspects of survey methodology; 2007; Schwarz, N.
- The construction of attitudes; 2001; Schwarz, N., Bohnerd, G.
- Formal features of rating scales and their interpretation of question meaning; 1998; Schwarz, N., Grayson, C. E., Knauper, B.
- The Direction of context effects. What determines assimilation or contrast in attitude measurement?; 1996; Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M., Schwarz, N.
- Psychological sources of context effects in survey measurement; 1996; Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M., Schwarz, N.
- Cognition and communication: Judgmental biases, research methods, and the logic of conversation; 1996; Schwarz, N.
- Subsequent questions may influence answers to preceding questions in mail surveys; 1995; Schwarz, N., Hippler, H. J.
- The numeric values of rating scales: A comparison of their impact in mail surveys and telephone interviews...; 1994; Schwarz, N., Hippler, H. J.
- Priming and communication: Social determinants of information use in judgments of life satisfaction; 1988; Strack, F., Martin, L. L., Schwarz, N.